By sending this message, you confirm that the recipient if someone other than yourself has consented to receiving this message from you. Drugs A to Z Ketamine: Factsheet. Home Teachers Ketamine: Factsheet. Targeted Drugs: Ketamine. Bronze This resource has undergone expert review. Resource Overview Year: Year 9—10, Year 11— Time Allocated Partial lesson under 45mins.
Origin Australian. Cost Free. What is Ketamine? This can be frightening Overdose. Addiction ; 1. Darke S, Lappin, J. The Clinician's Guide to Illicit Drugs.
United Kingdom: Silverback Publishing The epidemiology and patterns of acute and chronic toxicity associated with recreational ketamine use. Emerging Health Threats Journal ;4. Li L and Vlisides P. Ketamine: 50 Years of Modulating the Mind.
Frontiers In Human Neuroscience ; Winstock A and Wolff K. Central Nervous System Drugs. Ketamine: from medicine to misuse;20 3. Janssen-Cilag Pty Ltd. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. National Drug Strategy Household Survey [ Ketamine ketamine hydrochloride is an anaesthetic and analgesic pain killer. Ketamine was developed in the s for medical use and is now used widely throughout the world for anaesthesia and pain relief in both humans and animals.
It is often crushed into a fine powder so it can be snorted up the nose. Occasionally the powder can be other colours, such as off-white or brown. Ketamine also sometimes comes in pills. These could contain other drugs, which increases the risk of a bad reaction. It has even been sold as or confused with ecstasy pills. Some people get ketamine in liquid form or dissolve it and inject it for a faster, stronger effect.
Injecting drugs is more dangerous for many reasons. For example, it is easier to take too much and can cause injuries and infections such as HIV sharing needles.
Ketamine is a dissociative anaesthetic. When used medically, it is given in high doses that blocks pain signals and makes people unconscious. The lower doses used recreationally produce very different effects, sometimes including hallucinations, which are not well understood. There are similarities between the strange states of mind caused temporarily by ketamine and the experiences of people suffering from schizophrenia.
Ketamine is an essential medical and veterinary drug used for anaesthesia and pain relief under a wide range of circumstances. In the western world ketamine is the most commonly used veterinary anaesthetic, particularly in horses and the more unusual species. In developed countries ketamine is less commonly used for routine anaesthesia in people as it may cause hallucinations during recovery; more conventional anaesthetics are preferred where trained anaesthetists and appropriate equipment are readily available to monitor the patient and support respiration.
Ketamine is a potent pain killer and is particularly useful for children undergoing agonizing procedures such as treatment of burns. It is now also an important treatment for chronic pain. New therapeutic uses for ketamine have more recently been identified, including treatment of depression and refractory status epilepticus.
A single low dose of ketamine can rapidly lift depression, although the effect does not last long-term. It is thought to work by causing new connections synapses to be made in the brain. This is a promising lead for the development of new treatments because conventional antidepressants take some time to work.
Self-treating using ketamine puts the user at risk of the harmful effects of ketamine, and it has not yet been established through large-scale trials that the benefits outweigh the risks. Ketamine produces very different effects depending on whether someone takes a little or a lot. It is a strong drug and it is easy to take more than intended.
It is therefore better for inexperienced users to start with a small dose first before they consider trying to get the effects of a larger dose.
Ketamine can give sensations of lightness like walking on the moon , dizziness, and euphoria. Things may begin to look and sound different or somehow unreal. There is always a higher risk of accidents whilst using ketamine. Taking any depressant drug, such as alcohol, can very easily and quickly make the effects much stronger and riskier. The more ketamine that is taken, the harder it is to stand up and move about. Quite large quantities lead to exceptionally odd feelings such as separation between the mind and the physical body, which some find pleasurable and others find distressing.
Unpleasant side-effects like nausea and vomiting can occur. Ketamine can produce delusional thoughts much like those associated with schizophrenia. Very large quantities lead to users losing touch with their identity and surroundings altogether, which is called k-holing.
Ketamine generally is sold as either a colorless, odorless liquid or as a white or off-white powder. Powdered ketamine Liquid ketamine. In either its powder or liquid forms, ketamine is mixed with beverages or added to smokable materials such as marijuana or tobacco.
As a powder the drug is snorted or pressed into tablets--often in combination with other drugs such as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine MDMA, also known as ecstasy.
As a liquid, ketamine is injected; it often is injected intramuscularly. Teenagers and young adults represent the majority of ketamine users. According to the Drug Abuse Warning Network, individuals aged 12 to 25 accounted for 74 percent of the ketamine emergency department mentions in the United States in Ketamine use among high school students is a particular concern.
Nearly 3 percent of high school seniors in the United States used the drug at least once in the past year, according to the University of Michigan's Monitoring the Future Survey.
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