And the third component is a highly successful pharmaceutical industry, encompassing companies like GSK and AstraZeneca and a host of start-ups, many of them in the same Golden Triangle.
There are several hurdles to be negotiated. First, not all hospitals and GPs have the same computer systems. One approach could start with the patient records of a few large hospitals that treat a wide variety of conditions. Second, the problem arises of the confidentiality of patient data. It is surely not beyond the wit of man to combine data in such a way that personal identities are removed while making key facts like age, gender, and health histories available for research purposes.
And finally, a lead organisation would be needed to pull together the data and make it available in such a way that it helps those who are doing research into illnesses and those, the patients, who can benefit from it.
A start has been made. A health technology enterprise called Sensyne Health, founded in , is using artificial intelligence in collaboration with the NHS to detect hidden patterns in anonymised patient data to throw light on causes of disease, just as Florence Nightingale did with her pie charts.
One of the first tasks of the group is to make NHS systems compatible. So perhaps we will be able to reclaim Florence Nightingale for the NHS, even if we do replace her pie charts with DNA sequences, spreadsheets and personalised medicine. As we have seen, Nightingale was particularly interested in sanitation — and personalisation has lately taken a step in the direction of the lavatory in the form of the FitLoo.
This results from an unlikely combination of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the European Space Agency and some sanitation engineers. In this way, personalised medicine joins big data — with or without Google — to improve human health. Florence Nightingale and William Farr would certainly approve.
Nightingale was known for providing the kind of personal care, like writing letters home for soldiers, that comforted them and improved their psychological health. Her group of nurses transformed the hospital into a healthy environment within six months, and as a result, the death rate of patients fell from 40 to 2 percent 5. In , Florence returned home a heroine.
It was the soldiers in Crimea that initially named her the "Lady with the Lamp" because of the reassuring sight of her carrying around a lamp to check on the sick and wounded during the night, and the title remained with her 6. Thirty-four years to the date November 4, after she landed in Scutari for the Battle of Inkermann of the Crimean War, Florence Nightingale wrote a letter to her friend Thomas Gillham Hewlett remembering the heroic nature of soldiers.
Click here to view this letter. Upon her return from the Crimean War, she devoted the next few years to the Royal Commission investigating health in the British Army. Also, Nightingale's statistical data and analysis strongly influenced the commission's findings, which resulted in great public health advances in the British army 7.
During the war a public subscription fund was set up for Florence Nightingale to continue her education of nurses in England, and the Nightingale Training School at St. The education of recruits involved a year of practical instruction in the wards, supplemented with courses of lecturing, and followed by two years of work experience in the hospital 9. After graduation, many of the students staffed British hospitals, and others spread the Nightingale education system to other countries.
Through her work and her school, Florence Nightingale is responsible for elevating the profession of nursing to an honorable status. She also wrote about books, pamphlets and reports on hospital, sanitation, and other health-related issues, as well as contributing to the field of statistics Throughout her life she provided advice on a variety of health care issues to associates all over the globe. Though ill and bedridden for much of her later life, Nightingale managed to continue her great work through correspondence.
Click to begin search. The Nightingales gave their first born the Greek name for the city, which was Parthenope. William Nightingale had been born with the surname Shore but he had changed it to Nightingale after inheriting from a rich relative, Peter Nightingale of Lea, near Matlock, Derbyshire.
The girls grew up in the country spending much of their time at Lea Hurst in Derbyshire. When Nightingale was about five years old her father bought a house called Embley near Romsey in Hampshire. This now meant that the family spent the summer months in Derbyshire, while the rest of the year was spent at Embley. Between these moves there were trips to London, the Isle of Wight, and to relatives. The early education of Parthenope and Florence was placed in the hands of governesses, later their Cambridge educated father took over the responsibility himself.
Nightingale loved her lessons and had a natural ability for studying. Under her father's influence Nightingale became acquainted with the classics, Euclid , Aristotle , the Bible, and political matters. In , Nightingale begged her parents to let her study mathematics instead of Although William Nightingale loved mathematics and had bequeathed this love to his daughter, he urged her to study subjects more appropriate for a woman.
After many long emotional battles, Nightingale's parents finally gave their permission and allowed her to be tutored in mathematics. Her tutors included Sylvester , who developed the theory of invariants with Cayley.
Nightingale was said to be Sylvester 's most distinguished pupil. Lessons included learning arithmetic, geometry and algebra and prior to Nightingale entered nursing, she spent time tutoring children in these subjects.
Nightingale's interest in mathematics extended beyond the subject matter. One of the people who also influenced Nightingale was the Belgian scientist Quetelet. He had applied statistical methods to data from several fields, including moral statistics or social sciences. Religion played an important part in Nightingale's life. Her unbiased view on religion, unusual at the time, was owed to the liberal outlook Nightingale found in her home.
Although her parents were from a Unitarian background, Frances Nightingale found a more conventional denomination preferable and the girls were brought up as members of the Church of England. On 7 February Nightingale believed she heard her calling from God, whilst walking in the garden at Embley, although at this time though she did not know what this calling was.
Nightingale developed an interest in the social issues of the time, but in her family was firmly against the suggestion of Nightingale gaining any hospital experience. Until then the only nursing that she had done was looking after sick friends and relatives. During the mid-nineteenth century nursing was not considered a suitable profession for a well-educated woman. Nurses of the time were lacking in training and they also had the reputation of being coarse, ignorant women, given to promiscuity and drunkenness.
While Nightingale was on a tour of Europe and Egypt starting in , with family friends Charles and Selina Bracebridge, she had the chance to study the different hospital systems.
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